Search results for " drug therapy"

showing 10 items of 95 documents

Viral resistance in HCV infection.

2018

The introduction of new multi-genotypic direct acting antivirals (DAA) in clinical practice has revolutionized HCV treatment, permitting the achievement of >95% rates of sustained virological response in many patients. However, virological failures can occur particularly if the treatments are sub optimal and/or with too short duration. Failure is often associated with development of resistance. The wide genetic variability in terms of different genotypes and subtypes, together with the natural presence and/or easy development of resistance during treatment, are intrinsic characteristics of HCV that may affect the treatment outcome and the chances of achieving a virological cure. This review…

0301 basic medicineGenotypeTreatment outcomeDrug ResistanceDrug resistanceHepacivirusBiologyViral resistanceAntiviral AgentsVirological response03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinePharmacotherapyDrug TherapyDrug Resistance Multiple ViralVirologyRibavirinmedicineHumansGenetic variabilityViralTreatment FailureChronicAntiviral Agents; Drug Therapy Combination; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C Chronic; Humans; Interferons; Ribavirin; Treatment Failure; Drug Resistance Multiple ViralGenetic VariationHepatitis CHepatitis C Chronicmedicine.diseaseSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia ClinicaHepatitis C030104 developmental biologyHCVImmunologyCombinationHcv treatment030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyDrug Therapy CombinationInterferonsMultipleCurrent opinion in virology
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Efficacy and tolerability of switching to a dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤50 cp/…

2017

Background: Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) toxicity may represent a threat for long-term success of combined antiretroviral therapy. Some studies have suggested a possible improvement of NRTI-related toxicity after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens. Objectives: We aimed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) while having a viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/mL in the clinical setting. Study design: Treatment-experienced HIV 1-infected patients enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort were included if they switched their current regimen to DRV/r + RAL with a HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL. Different defin…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV InfectionsAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Darunavir; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Viral; Raltegravir Potassium; Ritonavir; Viral LoadGastroenterologyCohort StudiesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability0302 clinical medicineMedicineNRTI-sparing regimen030212 general & internal medicineViralDarunavireducation.field_of_studyLamivudineGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityAntiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyEfficacyAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyPopulationDarunavir/ritonavir; Raltegravir; Efficacy; Tolerability; Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI-sparing regimenSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVELower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineRaltegravir PotassiumHumanseducationDarunavirRitonavirbusiness.industryDarunavir/ritonavirRaltegravirRaltegravirHIV-1RNARitonavirbusinessAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability;
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Common genes associated with antidepressant response in mouse and man identify key role of glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity.

2017

Response to antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD) cannot be predicted currently, leading to uncertainty in medication selection, increasing costs, and prolonged suffering for many patients. Despite tremendous efforts in identifying response-associated genes in large genome-wide association studies, the results have been fairly modest, underlining the need to establish conceptually novel strategies. For the identification of transcriptome signatures that can distinguish between treatment responders and nonresponders, we herein submit a novel animal experimental approach focusing on extreme phenotypes. We utilized the large variance in response to antidepressant treatmen…

0301 basic medicineMicroarraysPhysiologyGene ExpressionBioinformaticsBiochemistryBiomarkers PharmacologicalTranscriptomeMice0302 clinical medicineGlucocorticoid receptorMedicine and Health SciencesBiology (General)DepressionGeneral NeuroscienceBrainDrugsAntidepressantsPhenotypeAntidepressive Agents3. Good healthBody FluidsParoxetineBioassays and Physiological AnalysisBloodMice Inbred DBAMultigene FamilyMajor depressive disorderAntidepressantDNA microarrayAnatomyGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesResearch ArticleQH301-705.5Antidepressant drug therapy ; Blood ; Gene regulation ; Biomarkers ; Depression ; Gene expression ; Microarrays ; AntidepressantsBiologyResearch and Analysis MethodsGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyBlood Plasma03 medical and health sciencesReceptors GlucocorticoidMental Health and PsychiatrymedicineGeneticsAnimalsHumansGene RegulationPharmacologyDepressive Disorder MajorGeneral Immunology and MicrobiologyMechanism (biology)Mood DisordersGene Expression ProfilingBiology and Life Sciencesmedicine.diseaseGene expression profiling030104 developmental biologyGene Expression RegulationCorticosterone030217 neurology & neurosurgeryBiomarkersPLoS biology
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Usefulness of current candidate genetic markers to identify childhood cancer patients at risk for platinum-induced ototoxicity: Results of the Europe…

2020

Background Irreversible sensorineural hearing loss is a common side effect of platinum treatment with the potential to significantly impair the neurocognitive, social and educational development of childhood cancer survivors. Genetic association studies suggest a genetic predisposition for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Among other candidate genes, thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is considered a critical gene for susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hearing loss in the FDA drug label and a pharmacogenetic guideline. The aim of this cross-sectional cohort study was to confirm the genetic associations in a large pan-European population and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the genetic…

0301 basic medicineOncologyMaleCancer ResearchCandidate genePharmacogenomic VariantsCancer survivorsCHILDRENAnti-neoplastic drugsVARIANTSOCT2Carboplatin0302 clinical medicineHearingRisk FactorsNeoplasmsTPMTHearing / drug effectsProspective StudiesAge of OnsetChild610 Medicine & healthPREDICTORSmedia_commonHearing Loss Sensorineural / physiopathologyeducation.field_of_studyddc:618Thiopurine methyltransferasebiologycarboplatin [Cisplatin]Neoplasms / drug therapyOrganic Cation Transporter 2EuropeOncologyCisplatin: carboplatinCisplatin / adverse effects030220 oncology & carcinogenesisChild PreschoolOrganic Cation Transporter 2 / geneticsFemaleSENSITIVITYChildhood cancer360 Social problems & social servicesCohort studyDrug-induced ototoxicitymedicine.medical_specialtyINDUCED HEARING-LOSSAdolescentMulticenter cohort studyHearing Loss SensorineuralPopulationAdverse drug reactionAntineoplastic AgentsPolymorphism Single NucleotideRisk AssessmentHearing Loss Sensorineural / chemically inducedCarboplatin / adverse effects03 medical and health sciencesACYP2OtotoxicitySDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingInternal medicinemedicineGenetic predispositionmedia_common.cataloged_instanceHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseCISPLATIN-INDUCED OTOTOXICITYEuropean unioneducationGenetic Association StudiesGenetic associationRetrospective Studiesbusiness.industryAntineoplastic Agents / adverse effectsInfant NewbornInfantOdds ratioGuidelinemedicine.diseaseOtotoxicityCOMTPharmacogenomic Testing030104 developmental biologyCross-Sectional StudiesPharmacogeneticsbiology.proteinGenetic markersHearing Loss Sensorineural / geneticsCisplatinbusinessPharmacogenetics
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Cabozantinib targets bone microenvironment modulating human osteoclast and osteoblast functions

2016

Cabozantinib, a c-MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor, demonstrated to prolong progression free survival and improve skeletal disease-related endpoints in castration-resistant prostate cancer and in metastatic renal carcinoma. Our purpose is to investigate the direct effect of cabozantinib on bone microenvironment using a total human model of primary osteoclasts and osteoblasts.Osteoclasts were differentiated from monocytes isolated from healthy donors; osteoblasts were derived from human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from bone fragments of orthopedic surgery patients. Osteoclast activity was evaluated by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and …

0301 basic medicinePyridines -- pharmacologyPyridinesPyridineImmunoenzyme TechniqueOsteoclastsApoptosisRANK Ligand -- genetics -- metabolismImmunoenzyme Techniqueschemistry.chemical_compoundBone Resorption -- drug therapy -- metabolism -- pathology0302 clinical medicineOsteogenesisCathepsin KMedicineAnilidesAnilides -- pharmacologyOsteoprotegerin -- genetics -- metabolismOsteoclasts -- cytology -- drug effects -- physiologyHuman primary cellCells CulturedTartrate-resistant acid phosphataseReceptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B -- genetics -- metabolismbiologyProto-Oncogene Proteins c-met -- genetics -- metabolismReceptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa BReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionOsteoblastOsteogenesiOsteoblastCell DifferentiationSciences bio-médicales et agricolesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-metOsteoblasts -- cytology -- drug effects -- physiologymedicine.anatomical_structureCell Differentiation -- drug effectsOncologyRANKL030220 oncology & carcinogenesishuman primary cellsOsteoclastosteoprotegerin (OPG)bone microenvironmentHumanResearch Papermusculoskeletal diseasesmedicine.medical_specialtyCabozantinibBlotting WesternOsteogenesis -- drug effects -- physiologyReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionBone resorption03 medical and health sciencesOsteoprotegerinOsteoclastcabozantinibInternal medicineHumansRNA MessengerBone ResorptionCell ProliferationOsteoblastsbusiness.industryRANK LigandAnilideOsteoprotegerinApoptosiBone microenvironment; Cabozantinib; Human primary cells; Osteoprotegerin (OPG); Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kb ligand (RANKL); Anilides; Apoptosis; Blotting Western; Bone Resorption; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells Cultured; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoprotegerin; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; Pyridines; RANK Ligand; RNA Messenger; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Oncology030104 developmental biologyEndocrinologychemistrybiology.proteinbusinessRNA Messenger -- geneticsreceptor activator of nuclear factor-kb ligand (RANKL)
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Symptom variability and control in COPD: Advantages of dual bronchodilation therapy

2017

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by usually progressive development of airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. While most patients will experience symptoms throughout the day or in the morning upon awakening, many patients do not experience their symptoms as constant but report variability in symptoms during the course of the day or over time. Symptom variability adversely affects patients' health status and increases the risk of COPD exacerbations. Methods We examined data from the literature on symptom variability and control in patients with COPD, with focus on the use of inhaled bronchodilator therapy wi…

Aclidinium; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Dual bronchodilator therapy; Formoterol; Lung function; Symptom variability; Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAclidiniumHealth StatusVital CapacityHealth StatuPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive0302 clinical medicineForced Expiratory VolumeFormoterol FumarateBronchodilatorBronchodilationFormoterol030212 general & internal medicineAclidinium; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Dual bronchodilator therapy; Formoterol; Lung function; Symptom variability; Administration Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Bronchodilator Agents; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship Drug; Drug Therapy Combination; Forced Expiratory Volume; Formoterol Fumarate; Health Status; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Tropanes; Vital CapacityLung functionCOPDbiologyChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTropaneLamaBronchodilator AgentsMuscarinic AntagonistTreatment OutcomeInhalationAdministrationCombinationDisease ProgressionDrug Therapy CombinationDrugHumanmedicine.drugAdrenergic beta-2 Receptor AgonistPulmonary and Respiratory MedicineChronic Obstructivemedicine.medical_specialtymedicine.drug_classSymptom variabilitySocio-culturaleMuscarinic AntagonistsSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioDose-Response RelationshipPulmonary Disease03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyAdministration InhalationmedicineHumansIntensive care medicineAdrenergic beta-2 Receptor AgonistsBronchodilator AgentDose-Response Relationship Drugbusiness.industryMuscarinic antagonistDual bronchodilator therapymedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationLung functionrespiratory tract diseasesAclidinium; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Dual bronchodilator therapy; Formoterol; Lung function; Symptom variability; Administration Inhalation; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Bronchodilator Agents; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship Drug; Drug Therapy Combination; Forced Expiratory Volume; Formoterol Fumarate; Health Status; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Tropanes; Vital Capacity; Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineDual bronchodilation030228 respiratory systemQuality of LifeFormoterolbusinessTropanesRespiratory Medicine
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Brivaracetam as add-on treatment in patients with post-stroke epilepsy: real-world data from the BRIVAracetam add-on First Italian netwoRk Study (BRI…

2022

Objective: Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) is one of the most common causes of acquired epilepsy and accounts for about 10-15% of all newly diagnosed epilepsy cases. However, evidence about the clinical profile of antiseizure medications in the PSE setting is currently limited. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a rationally developed compound characterized by high-affinity binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2A. The aim of this study was to assess the 12-month effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive BRV in patients with PSE treated in a real-world setting. Methods: This was a subgroup analysis of patients with PSE included in the BRIVAracetam add-on First Italian netwoRk Study (BRIVAFIRST). The BRIVAFI…

AdultAntiseizure medication; Brivaracetam; Cerebrovascular diseases; Focal seizures; StrokeCerebrovascular diseasesSettore MED/26Antiseizure medication Brivaracetam Focal seizures Stroke Cerebrovascular diseasesFocal seizuresDouble-Blind MethodDrug TherapySeizuresHumansAgedRetrospective StudiesAntiseizure medicationEpilepsyGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedPyrrolidinonesStrokeTreatment OutcomeNeurologyItalyCombinationBrivaracetamAntiseizure medication; Brivaracetam; Cerebrovascular diseases; Focal seizures; Stroke; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy Combination; Humans; Italy; Middle Aged; Pyrrolidinones; Retrospective Studies; Seizures; Treatment Outcome; Epilepsy; StrokeDrug Therapy CombinationAnticonvulsantsNeurology (clinical)
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Sustained seizure freedom with adjunctive brivaracetam in patients with focal onset seizures

2022

The maintenance of seizure control over time is a clinical priority in patients with epilepsy. The aim of this study was to assess the sustained seizure frequency reduction with adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) in real-world practice. Patients with focal epilepsy prescribed add-on BRV were identified. Study outcomes included sustained seizure freedom and sustained seizure response, defined as a 100% and a ≥50% reduction in baseline seizure frequency that continued without interruption and without BRV withdrawal through the 12-month follow-up. Nine hundred ninety-four patients with a median age of 45 (interquartile range = 32-56) years were included. During the 1-year study period, sustained se…

AdultFreedomfocal seizuresEpilepsiesSettore MED/26Double-Blind MethodDrug Therapyantiseizure medication; brivaracetam; focal seizures; seizure freedom; sodium channel blockers; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy Combination; Freedom; Humans; Middle Aged; Pyrrolidinones; Seizures; Treatment Outcome; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsies PartialSeizuresseizure freedomHumansanti-seizure medication; focal seizures; epilepsyantiseizure medicationbrivaracetamanti-seizure medicationMiddle AgedPyrrolidinonesTreatment OutcomeNeurologysodium channel blockersCombinationepilepsyDrug Therapy CombinationAnticonvulsantsNeurology (clinical)Epilepsies PartialPartial
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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2015

Background and purpose: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid that is produced in the liver and used for treatment of chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Experimental studies suggest that TUDCA may have cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic action, with potential neuroprotective activity. A proof of principle approach was adopted to provide preliminary data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of TUDCA in a series of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: As a proof of principle, using a double-blind placebo controlled design, 34 ALS patients under treatment with riluzole who were randomized to placebo or TUDCA (1 g twice daily for 54 weeks) were e…

AdultMale0301 basic medicineamyotrophic lateral sclerosismedicine.medical_specialtyALS - TUDCA - clinical trialmedicine.drug_classPilot ProjectsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Cholic acids; Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; Adult; Aged; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroprotective Agents; Pilot Projects; Riluzole; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Neurology; Neurology (clinical)PlaceboNeuroprotectionGastroenterologyTaurochenodeoxycholic AcidOutcome Assessment (Health Care)03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineDouble-Blind MethodDrug TherapyInternal medicinemedicineCholic acidHumansAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisAdverse effectAmyotrophic lateral sclerosiAgedtauroursodeoxycholic acidRiluzoleBile acidbusiness.industryTauroursodeoxycholic acidMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseRiluzoleSurgerySettore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIANeuroprotective Agentscholic acids030104 developmental biologyNeurologychemistryTolerabilityCombinationFemaleNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgerymedicine.drugEuropean Journal of Neurology
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Quality of life during one year of postoperative prophylactic drug therapy after intestinal resection in Crohn's patients: Results of the APPRECIA tr…

2019

Background: In APPRECIA trial, Crohn's disease (CD) patients undergoing intestinal resection were randomized to postoperative adalimumab (ADA) or azathioprine (AZA). Aims: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in APPRECIA trial. Methods: HRQoL was evaluated using disease-specific shortened Spanish version of the IBDQ (SIBDQ-9) and generic European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaires, completed at baseline and at weeks 24 and 52. Results: Sixty-one patients (37 ADA and 24 AZA) had evaluable data for HRQoL. Patients treated with ADA or AZA had significant improvement from baseline to weeks 24 and 52 in SIBDQ-9 and EQ-5D (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006 for all comparisons…

AdultMaleQuality of lifemedicine.medical_specialtyPostoperative therapyAzathioprinePostoperative recurrence03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineCrohn DiseaseQuality of lifeRecurrenceSurveys and QuestionnairesInternal medicineAzathioprineAdalimumabHumansMedicineIn patientPostoperative PeriodCrohn's diseaseHepatologybusiness.industryRemission InductionGastroenterologyAdalimumabSpanish versionProphylactic drug therapymedicine.diseaseEndoscopes GastrointestinalCrohn's diseaseSpain030220 oncology & carcinogenesisQuality of LifeFemale030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyIntestinal resectionbusinessImmunosuppressive Agentsmedicine.drug
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